MySQL 主从复制是指数据可以从一个 MySQL 数据库服务器主节点复制到一个或多个从节点,MySQL 默认采用异步复制方式,这样从节点不用一直访问主服务器来更新自己的数据,数据的更新可以在远程连接上进行,从节点可以复制主数据库中的所有数据库或者特定的数据库,或者特定的表
准备 192.168.1.104 # master 192.168.1.105 # slave
主从复制步骤
主库的更新事件会被写到 bin log 日志中
从库启用 slave 服务连接到主库
从库创建一个 I/O 线程,从主库读取 bin log 日志的内容并写入到 relay log 日志中
从库创建一个 SQL 线程,从 relay log 里读取内容并写入
master 配置 vim /etc/my.cnf
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 [mysqld] server-id=104 log-bin=mysql-bin binlog-format=mixed binlog-do-db=test_db binlog-ignore-db=sys binlog-ignore-db=mysql binlog-ignore-db=information_schema binlog-ignore-db=performance_schema
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 service mysqld restart mysql -uroot -p create user 'slave' @'%' identified by '123456' ; grant replication slave on *.* to 'slave' @'%' ; flush privileges; show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 1677 | test_db | sys,mysql,information_schema,performance_schema | | +------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
slave 配置 vim /etc/my.cnf
1 2 3 4 5 [mysqld] server-id=105 super_read_only=1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 service mysqld restart mysql -uroot -p stop slave; change master to master_host='192.168.1.104' ,master_user='slave' ,master_password='123456' ,master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001' ,master_log_pos=1677; flush privileges; start slave; show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.1.104 Master_User: slave Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1677 Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 324 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 1677 Relay_Log_Space: 537 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 104 Master_UUID: 0478182c-284e-11ec-9539-000c29ecfc3e Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log ; waiting for more updates Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 0 Replicate_Rewrite_DB: Channel_Name: Master_TLS_Version: Master_public_key_path: Get_master_public_key: 0 Network_Namespace: 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
测试
在主库创建,会同步到从库
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 CREATE DATABASE test_db;USE test_db; CREATE TABLE `test_user` ( `username` varchar (255 ) DEFAULT NULL , `password` varchar (255 ) DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE= InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET= utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci; INSERT INTO `test_db`.`test_user` (`username`, `password`) VALUES ('slave' , '123456' );
问题处理 使用命令 show slave status\G 后出现错误提示 Last_IO_Error: Fatal error: The slave I/O thread stops because master and slave have equal MySQL server UUIDs; these UUIDs must be different for replication to work
原因:这是由于从服务器是克隆的主服务器系统,导致主从 mysql uuid 相同
解决方案:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 mysql> select uuid(); +--------------------------------------+ | uuid() | +--------------------------------------+ | 42affe55-2995-11ec-b52e-000c29c49344 | +--------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
vim ./data/auto.cnf
1 2 [auto] server-uuid=42affe55-2995-11ec-b52e-000c29c49344